Overnutrition and undernutrition as modifiers of metabolic processes in disease states.
نویسنده
چکیده
Both overnutrition and undernutrition affect energy metabolism, with overnutrition raising energy expenditure and undernutrition lowering it. Fever is a powerful stimulator of thermogenesis. In diseases such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis, whether energy expenditure is increased or decreased often depends on how advanced the disorder is. Early on, when the greater protein turnover characteristic of these conditions is paramount, energy expenditure is increased. In addition, in diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and rheumatoid arthritis in which cytokines are released, the cytokines' thermogenic effect initially increases the metabolic rate. However, as the disease becomes more advanced and leads to cachexia, energy expenditure drops below normal. Acute conditions such as burns and trauma significantly raise energy expenditure, primarily by increasing sympathetic response and the release of catecholamines, which are powerful stimulators of energy expenditure.
منابع مشابه
Income inequality and the double burden of under- and overnutrition in India.
OBJECTIVES Developing countries are increasingly characterised by the simultaneous occurrence of under- and overnutrition. This study examined the association between contextual income inequality and the double burden of under- and overnutrition in India. DESIGN A population-based multilevel study of 77,220 ever married women, aged 15-49 years, from 26 Indian states, derived from the 1998-99 ...
متن کاملDevelopmental origins of adult health and disease: the role of periconceptional and foetal nutrition.
The 'developmental origins of adult health and disease' hypothesis stated that environmental factors, particularly maternal undernutrition, act in early life to programme the risks for adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and the metabolic syndrome in adult life. Early physiological tradeoffs, including activation of the foetal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axi...
متن کاملMaternal diet: a modulator for epigenomic regulation during development in nonhuman primates and humans
The importance of diet in health and disease has been well characterized in the past decades. Although the earlier focus of diet research was in the context of undernutrition and the importance of adequate nutrient intake to prevent malnutrition, in the current era of epidemic obesity the focus of our efforts has evolved toward understanding the effects of excess caloric intake. The current sur...
متن کاملDevastating metabolic consequences of a life of plenty: focus on the dyslipidemia of overnutrition.
Although undernutrition and starvation continue to affect a substantial portion of the world's population, billions of people in both developed and developing countries are affected by the opposite problem: consumption of calories that exceed their daily energy expenditure, a condition of overnutrition. The body's response to a positive net energy balance is to store energy, predominantly as tr...
متن کاملPrenatal Programming and Epigenetics in the Genesis of the Cardiorenal Syndrome.
The presence of a group of interacting maladaptive factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia, obesity, and microalbuminuria and/or reduced renal function, collectively constitutes the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS). Nutritional and other environmental cues during fetal development can permanently affect the composition, homeostatic systems, and functions ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The American journal of clinical nutrition
دوره 72 2 Suppl شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2000